Gynaecology Services by Dr Mohamed Otify

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Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer, also known as womb cancer, is a type of gynaecological cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is the most prevalent gynaecological cancer and is often detected early due to symptoms like irregular or post-menopausal bleeding. When diagnosed promptly, treatment is highly effective, and surgical interventions, such as hysterectomies, frequently provide a cure.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

- Vaginal bleeding after menopause

- Bleeding between periods

- Unexplained pelvic pain or discharge

While these symptoms can be caused by benign conditions like fibroids, they should always be evaluated by a gynaecologist.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of endometrial cancer isn’t fully understood, but it occurs when normal cells in the uterine lining undergo DNA changes, leading to uncontrolled growth. Risk factors may include:

- Hormonal imbalance – prolonged oestrogen exposure without progesterone (as seen in obesity, polycystic ovaries, or oestrogen-only therapy).

- Older age – most cases arise after menopause.

- Obesity – excess body fat alters hormone levels.

- Early menstruation or late menopause – extended lifetime exposure to oestrogen.

- Never having been pregnant.

- Inherited conditions such as Lynch syndrome, which raises the risk of bowel and endometrial cancers.

- Certain medications – like long-term tamoxifen for breast cancer, where benefits generally outweigh the slight risk.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis starts with a consultation and pelvic examination by a gynaecological surgeon. Further assessments may include:

- Transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate the thickness of the uterine lining.

- Hysteroscopy (using a small camera inside the uterus) to inspect and biopsy the lining.

- MRI or CT scans if cancer is confirmed to assist in staging and treatment planning.

All assessments are conducted by experienced consultants, with results communicated clearly and compassionately.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage, grade, and individual circumstances. Most patients undergo surgical procedures, typically involving:

- Total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)

- Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of tubes and ovaries)

Whenever feasible, surgery is performed using robotic surgery or other minimal access surgery techniques, which allow for smaller incisions, quicker recovery times, and fewer complications. In selected early cases, fertility-sparing treatment may be an option. Depending on the final pathology, additional treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy may be recommended.

Prevention and Risk Reduction

You can reduce your risk of endometrial cancer by:

- Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular activity.

- Carefully discussing HRT options — combined oestrogen and progesterone therapy is safer than oestrogen alone if you still have your uterus.

- Considering oral contraceptives, which have been shown to lower long-term risk.

- Discussing genetic testing if there is a family history of Lynch syndrome or early cancers.

Why Choose Dr. Otify

Dr. Mohamed Otify is a Consultant Gynaecological Oncologist specializing in advanced robotic and minimally invasive surgery. He collaborates within multidisciplinary cancer teams to provide personalized care that balances effective treatment with rapid recovery and quality of life.

Next Step

If you are experiencing abnormal or post-menopausal bleeding or have concerns about endometrial cancer, you can arrange an online consultation for assessment, advice, and reassurance. Patient testimonials highlight the quality of care provided.