Gynaecology Services by Dr Mohamed Otify

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Vulval cancer begins as an abnormal growth of cells on the vulva — the external part of the female genital area surrounding the urethra and vagina, including the clitoris and labia.
It is uncommon and usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women, but it can occur at any age.
When detected early, treatment is highly effective and surgery is often curative.

Early changes are often subtle and may include:

• A lump, sore, or wart-like area on the vulva
   
• Persistent itching or burning that doesn’t settle
   
• Pain or tenderness of the vulval skin
   
• Bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation
   
• Skin changes, such as thickening or colour change
   

These symptoms can also be caused by benign conditions, but persistent changes should always be assessed by a specialist.

Vulval cancer occurs when cells in the vulval skin develop changes in their DNA, allowing uncontrolled growth.
Factors that increase risk include:

• Age — most cases occur after menopause
   
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
   
• Smoking
   
• Weakened immune system (e.g. after transplant or HIV infection)
   
• Precancerous vulval conditions such as vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
   
• Chronic inflammatory skin conditions, such as lichen sclerosus
   

Regular review and early treatment of vulval skin problems can significantly reduce the risk of cancer development.

Diagnosis involves a consultant examination of the vulva using magnification (colposcopy) and a small skin biopsy for laboratory testing.
If cancer is confirmed, further imaging — such as MRI, CT, or PET scans — is arranged to assess the extent of disease and plan treatment.

Treatment depends on the type, stage, and area affected.
Most patients are treated surgically, with options including:

• Wide local excision – removal of the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue.
   
• Partial or radical vulvectomy – removal of part or all of the vulva when larger areas are affected.
   
• Sentinel lymph node biopsy – checking nearby lymph nodes for spread, reducing unnecessary surgery.
   

In selected cases, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used before or after surgery to shrink tumours or treat lymph nodes.
Reconstructive surgery may be performed to restore comfort and function.

Dr Mohamed Otify, Consultant Gynaecological Oncologist and Robotic Surgeon, offers advanced surgical management of vulval and related cancers with a focus on precision, reconstruction, and recovery.
All care is delivered within a multidisciplinary team environment for safety, continuity, and holistic support.

If you notice any persistent vulval lump, sore, or itching, arrange a private consultation for expert assessment and reassurance.